11^th International Conference on Surgery September 01-02, 2022 Ireland, Dublin

The term "brain surgery" refers to a variety of medical operations that involve fixing certain structural defects of the brain. Head & Brain surgery is a difficult procedure that varies depending on the problem being addressed. Head surgery is one of the most dangerous medical procedures, with a variety of hazards ranging from minor to life-threatening.

The decision to conduct open brain surgery is based on the severity of the patient's illness. Often, less critical diseases or disorders can often represent a serious life threat due to their side effects. In such situations, the head operation needs to be performed to correct the physical deformities of the brain and the surrounding structures.

There are different types of head surgery depending on the area of the brain and the ailment being addressed.

• Craniotomy
• Craniectomy
• Biopsy
• Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery
• Neuroendoscopy
• Deep Brain Stimulation

Lung surgery refers to the removal of lung tissue to repair damage, perform a biopsy, halt malignant growth, or remove superfluous material such as fluid build-up or blood in the lungs. Lung surgery is occasionally used to alleviate the consequences of other treatments, such as when blood must be taken from the organ during another procedure.

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF LUNG SURGERY?

Lung surgery can be done for a variety of reasons: -to perform a biopsy of lung tissue in case any abnormal growth is suspected -to drain fluid build-up from the chest in a lung surgery procedure called pleurodesis -to remove a portion of the lung if it has been infected by cancer; the lung operation can be performed to remove a portion of the lung.

• Bronchiectasis
• Interstitial lung disease
• Lung cancer
• Lung nodules
• Blebs
• Collapsed lung
• Emphysema
• Thoracotomy
• Video-assisted Thoracoscopy Surgery
• Pneumonectomy
• Lobectomy
• Wedge resectioning
• Segmentomy
• Sleeve resectioning
• Lymphadenectomy

The surgical removal of all or portion of the liver is known as a liver resection. It's also known as a full or partial hepatectomy. When a damaged liver from a deceased donor is removed after a transplant, a total liver resection is performed (cadaver).

There are different types of Liver surgery depending on the area of the brain and the ailment being address.

• Liver transplant
• Partial hepatectomy

Bladder Surgery is a procedure that involves the removal of the urinary bladder. The prostate and seminal vesicles are usually removed as well when the entire bladder is removed (radical cystectomy). The uterus, ovaries, and a portion of the vaginal wall are generally removed during a radical cystectomy in women.

Types of Bladder Surgery

• Bladder augmentation surgery      
• Urinary diversion
• Transurethral resection (TUR)
• Cystectomy
• Neobladder reconstruction surgery
• Bladder suspension surgery

It is also called Radical Nephrectomy. The surgeon removes the entire kidney, the fatty tissues around the kidney, and a part of the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder.  If a tumor is adjacent to or includes the adrenal gland (which lies at top of the kidney), the surgeon may remove it.

Types of Kidney Surgery:

• Kidney Removal Surgery
• Simple nephrectomy or open kidney removal
• Partial Nephrectomy
• Radical Nephrectomy or open kidney removal.
• Laparoscopic kidney removal
• Surgery for Kidney Cancer
• Kidney transplant
• Surgery for Kidney Stones

The term "heart surgery" refers to the repair or replacement of heart valves that control blood flow through the heart, as well as the repair of abnormal or damaged cardiac components. Implant Medical devices that control heartbeat or support cardiac function and blood flow and to Replace a damaged heart with a healthy heart from a donor.

There are different types of heart surgery depending on the area of the heart affected

• Angioplasty
• Artificial Heart Valve Surgery
• Atherectomy
• Bypass Surgery
• Cardiomyoplasty
• Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery
• Radiofrequency Ablation
• Transmyocardial Revascularization

Gynecologic surgery includes procedures on the vaginal, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, among other parts of a woman's reproductive system. Gynecologic surgeons are frequently called upon to perform surgeries on a woman's urinary tract, including the bladder.

There are a variety of reasons why a woman may require gynecological surgery. Endometriosis, fibroids (benign tumors), ovarian cysts, malignancy, chronic pelvic pain, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine prolapse, or irregular bleeding may require therapy. Gynecology surgery can potentially be used as a long-term contraceptive.. Gynecologic Surgery can alter sexual function directly by affecting the anatomy of the female genital tract.

• Adhesiolysis
• Cervical (Cone) Biopsy
• Colporrhaphy
• Colposcopy.
• Dilation and Curettage (D&C)     
• Endometrial Ablation.
• Endometrial or Uterine Biopsy.
• Fluid-Contrast Ultrasound (FCUS)

Gastrointestinal surgery is a type of surgery that treats problems of the digestive system. The esophagus (ee-sof-uh-gus), stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are included.

• Colectomy
• Colostomy
• Endoscopic Surgery
• Hemorrhoidectomy
• Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery
• Internal Sphincterotomy
• Rectopexy

Eye surgery, often called ocular surgery, is surgery done on the eye or its adnexa by an ophthalmologist. The eye is a sensitive organ that requires special attention before, during, and after surgery to avoid further injury.

• Blepharoplasty
• Cataract surgery
• Corneal transplant
• Glaucoma surgeries
• LASIK
• Retina surgeries
• Eye muscle surgery

Neck Surgery often Known as Laminectomy. The purpose of it is to relieve pressure on your spinal cord or nerves. Neck pain is a frequent ailment that can be caused by a variety of factors. Although surgery is an option for long-term neck pain, it is not always the best option.

• Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
• Cervical artificial disc replacement
• Posterior cervical laminectomy
• Posterior cervical foraminotomy
• Anterior cervical corpectomy